The settlement of Pikend

The territory of the Bukhara oasis has a huge history and is widely famous for its many ancient architectural monuments. The ancient settlement called Paykend near Bukhara is a vivid example of one of them. It arose around the middle of the IV century BC on the territory of the lower reaches of the Zaravshan.

Initially, there were several separate settlements in this area, which merged into one fairly large city. Defensive walls, reliable fortresses and watchtowers were built for its defense. The total area of the formed settlement was about 20 hectares. In the center of Pikend stood a square-shaped citadel, which housed the ruler's palace and various administrative buildings. There were countless residential areas near the citadel. To the north of the settlement, archaeologists have discovered the remains of a necropolis with numerous Zoroastrian buildings.

In those early days, the Paikend settlement was an important trading post, as the Great Silk Road passed through it. The settlement connected northern Khorezm with India, Bactria and Nashkhab. In the period from the sixth to the eighth centuries, this Paykend was a whole merchant republic inhabited mainly by wealthy merchants. They earned money not only by actively trading with caravans, but also by selling their own bronze and ceramic products.

Since the 8th century, Central Asia has been invaded by the Arabs and Pikend has become a major Islamic center. Archaeological expeditions have discovered the surviving fragments of a mosque with a minaret among the ruins of the ancient settlement. Despite this, the trading function of the settlement was still the main source of income for many residents. Like any shopping center, Pikend had several large caravanserais ready to offer food and shelter to all visitors. There were also huge fenced-off areas next to them for the accommodation of pack animals of caravans.

The settlement existed until the end of the 12th century, and after that it completely ceased to exist due to lack of water. Zarafshan changed the direction of its riverbed and deprived Pikend of life-giving moisture. Residents had to abandon their homes and move to neighboring towns. And the hillfort remained empty until it was gradually buried under a thick layer of Kyzylkum desert sand.

Archaeologists discovered the settlement only at the end of the last century in excellent preserved condition, and its excavations have given the world priceless historical exhibits. Since 2003, a unique museum of the history of Pikenda has been opened next to the settlement, which offers visitors to appreciate dishes, jewelry, Japanese and Chinese porcelain, ceramics and a large collection of ancient coins.